Teach you pollination - Kiwifruit full pollination technology!

Teach you pollination - Kiwifruit full pollination technology! Actinidia is a dioecious crop. Natural pollination is often influenced by factors such as fewer male plants in the garden, rainy weather in flowering period, which leads to poor pollination, low fruit setting rate and easy falling flowers and fruits, which directly affects the yield of the year. In production, most fruit growers use orchard pollination and purchasing kiwifruit commercial pollen for artificial pollination, which can greatly improve fruit setting rate and commercial fruit rate.
Teach you pollination - Kiwifruit full pollination technology!
Now it is the pollination season of kiwifruit. In order to enable the fruit farmers to pollinate scientifically and artificially, the methods of pollination and the selection and identification of kiwifruit pollen are introduced as follows:
I. Artificial Pollen Collection Method
1. Pollen collection: Semi-open male flowers are harvested, male anthers are extracted with toothbrushes, tweezers, scissors, etc., and male pollen can also be collected by special mechanical pollinator.
2. Depollination: Spread the anther on paper and put it in a thermostat at 25-28 C for 20-24 hours until the pollen is released; or spread the anther on the table and hang a 60-100 watt light bulb at the top of 100 cm to irradiate the pollen; or cover the anther with a newspaper and then depollinate in the sun. The pollen was sifted out with 100-120 mesh fine screen and put into a dry glass bottle.
3. Pollen storage: pure pollen can be stored for more than 10 days in a household refrigerator at 5 C and 1-2 years in a sealed container at - 20 C. The fruit setting rate can reach 100% after 5 days of storage at dry room temperature. Generally, the best pollination effect is 24-48 hours of storage. It can not be stored in metal containers, and can not be freely taken out and put in. Refrigeration will affect the viability of pollen.
2. Field pollination methods
1. Insect Pollination
There are many insects that can pollinate kiwifruit, including wild bees, bumblebees, bees, bumblebees, wallflower bees, black bees and so on, but most of them are pollinated by bees. About 10% of the female flowers in kiwifruit orchards are placed in the sunny part of the orchard when they open. Because the female and male flowers of kiwifruit do not have nectaries, they are not attractive to bees, and the amount of bees is large. There should be a hive of bees in every 2 mu garden, each hive of bees should be no less than 30,000.
2. Artificial assisted pollination
(1) Pollination
Male flowers that just opened in the morning were collected before 10:00 a.m. on sunny days. Male flowers could be collected all day on cloudy days. The petals collected were placed on a plate upwards. The male flowers were directly facing the newly opened female flowers. The stamens of the male flowers were gently smeared on the stigma of the female flowers. Each male flower could impart 5 to 6 female flowers to each other.
(2) Pollinator pollination
Nowadays, needle-tube pollinator and sprayer are mostly used in production. The pollen and excipients were mixed in a needle-tube pollinator at a ratio of 1:5, and the stigma of the female petals with yellowish color was gently touched, which could be fully pollinated. In order to facilitate pollination at high altitudes, adjustable special pollinators can also be used for pollination. The pollen and excipients were mixed in proportion of 1:8 in the pollinator, and then sprayed on the aligned style. When pollinating, pure white (half-blooming) flowers, pure yellow (decaying) flowers, deformed flower organs and insect bites are not suitable for pollination.
3. Purchasing Commodity Pollen Pollination
1. Pollen Selection
In order to purchase pollen produced by regular producers, attention should be paid to checking the name, site and registered trademark of the producers, the registration record certificate of the local sales enterprises in the county industrial and commercial departments, and the pollen vitality test report of the production enterprises of the county quality supervision bureau.
2. Identification
It can be distinguished from the appearance color of pollen. Pure pollen is grayish-white. The higher the purity, the whiter the color, the more impurities, the darker the brown degree. The more pure the pollen is, the easier it will disperse when it is dumped, and the pollen containing impurities is massive. When shaking the bottle, the pure pollen is in a flowing state, but the flowing state is poor when the purity is poor. Hand touch, high quality pollen feel smooth and delicate. The second day after pollination, the female stigma began to wither and the petals turned yellow.
3. Use of commercial pollen
Commodity pollen must be bought and used, according to the amount of flowers mixed pollen, so as to mix with how much. Pure pollen purchased should be added 5-8 times of auxiliary materials (dried anther shell grinded through 100 mesh sieve or stone pine powder) or proportioned according to the instructions for the use of auxiliary materials of purchased pollen, and pollinated evenly after mixing. Pollination usually takes place at 9-12 noon on a sunny day, at 18-25 C and above 55% humidity. The best pollination effect was 1-2 days after flowering, and the fruit setting rate decreased after 4 days. The amount of pollen used per mu in Sheng Orchard is 10-15 grams. Endless pollen storage is the same as manual pollen collection.

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