To improve the quality of Yali pear, do a good job of artificial pollination!

To improve the quality of Yali pear, do a good job of artificial pollination! Because Yali pear can't bear fruit by self-flowering and relying on natural pollination, the fruit setting rate is low, the quality is poor, the size is small and the fruit shape is not correct. In order to improve the fruit setting rate and the fruit quality of Yali pear tree, it is necessary to allocate enough pollinating trees during artificial pollination or planting, which can not only increase the yield of Yali pear, but also improve the quality of Yali pear fruit, and at the same time meet the pollution-free standard of Yali pear. Through many years of practice and summary, the artificial pollination technology of Yali pear in our country is introduced as follows for reference.
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(1) Selection of Pollination Varieties of Pear Trees
Yali pear was selected as a pollinating cultivar with good comprehensive economic traits, high pollen content, good affinity with the main cultivars, and high commodity value of fruits. After many years of practice and experiments, the better pollination varieties for Yali pear are: Weixian red pear, Yinbai pear, Baimian pear and so on.
(2) Pollen collection
1. Collection of flowers. The optimum period is "balloon stage", i.e. before the buds are separated and enlarged, but have not yet bloomed (usually 1-2 days before flowering), neither too early nor too late. Too early, the pollen grains have not been fully developed, vigor is poor, germination rate is low, and it is not conducive to pollination and fertilization; too late, it is not conducive to anther removal. The best time to pick flowers is dry weather and no dew on the flowers, otherwise it will affect or prolong the drying of the anthers. Fruit trees around the world have entered the flowering period, how to collect and produce pollen is the top priority!
2. Anther removal. Large farms and pear orchards can use mechanical pesticide removal. Orchard can be used to extract medicines manually. First, peel off the petals and hold one flower in each hand, rub each other until all the anthers fall off, then pick out the pedicels and sift them out. It also can not rub the anther directly without petals, but it will increase the workload of anther purification.
3. Pollen airing. The purified anthers (the higher the purity, especially the liquid spray pollination, if there are a large number of pedicels, will clog the sprinklers) evenly and thin spread on the smooth surface of the paper. It is not suitable to use rough paper such as newspapers, so as not to cause the waste of pollen due to its adhesive force. It should be noted that the drying process is a shady and dry process, and that exposure to sunlight should be avoided, otherwise pollen vitality will be reduced. Pollen is usually released in about 25 hours. In order to promote early anther blooming, it can be placed in a temperature chamber or a warm kang. The collected fresh anthers can keep room temperature 22-25 C under dry and ventilated conditions, but the temperature can not exceed 25 C, so as not to affect the vitality of pollen. Usually 10 kilograms of fresh flowers can produce 1 kilogram of fresh anthers. After shade drying, 0.2 kilograms of dried pollen with medicine shell can be produced, which can be used to pollinate 5,000 kilograms of orchard flowers. The quantity of collected flowers can be determined in production.
4. Pollen dilution. In order to save pollen, talc powder, starch or skimmed milk powder were used to dilute pollen 2-4 times and reserve it.
5. Pollen storage. Production experience shows that if more pollen is collected or purchased, it needs to be stored for reuse in the coming year if it can not be used up in that year. In order to maintain its vitality, it is necessary to meet the three conditions of low temperature, dryness and darkness. According to the experiment, the pollen was bottled, put into the dryer (with silica gel inside), covered with black cloth, and then stored in the refrigerator at 0-5 C. The pollen viability could be maintained for 2-3 years.
(3) pollination period
Yali pear is an umbrella. The basal edge flower opens first and then gradually upwards until the central flower opens. The pollination time should start when the flowering amount accounts for 25%-30% of the total flowering amount and finish within 2-3 days, because Yali pear has strong fertilization ability within three days after flowering, and should grasp the key period within three days. The best pollination time should be the morning when the weather is sunny, windy and sunny, and the style releases mucus. The effect of sandy weather is not good.
(4) Pollination Technology
The common pollination methods recommended for fruit-breeding pollen are artificial spot pollination and dusting pollination.
1. Manual instruction. Diluted pollen is dipped in rubber head and soft chicken feather of brush, paper stick or pencil, and directly dotted on stigma of 2-3-order side flowers. Generally, 1-2 flowers can be given to each inflorescence, and 4-5 flowers can be dipped in pollen once. Attention should be paid to gently giving, each inflorescence point can be given 1 to 2 lace flowers. This pollination method is widely used by pear farmers, with the best results, but the most time-consuming and laborious.
2. The teaching method. Tie a straw handle to the top of the stick or bamboo pole and wrap it with a "mutton" towel in the shape of a duster. Roll alternately between the main cultivar and the pollinating cultivar at full flowering stage, so as to achieve the purpose of pollination, it is better to roll pollination twice in 2-3 days. In our county, we often dip the end of towel in pollen and pat the inflorescence to make the pollen evenly fall on the stigma of the stamen. This method is simple, fast, but wastes pollen. It is generally suitable for pear orchards with reasonable pollination varieties or years with large flowers.

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