Key points of apple tree management in summer

Summer is the main growth period of apples. It is the essence of summer management to do well in water and fertilizer management and summer pruning, which is the key to harvest apples. The apple summer Management Essentials as follows:
Fertilizer management
In order to meet the requirement of nutrients in the Phenophase of apple, timely topdressing should be done in the following seasons: the frequency of topdressing depends on climate, soil, tree age and result. The general high temperature and wet sand, fertilizer should be a small number of times, on the other hand, can be reduced. Results tree, high-yield tree should be more frequent, usually 2-3 times a year. The common topdressing dates are pre anthesis, late flowering stage, fruit swelling stage and flower bud differentiation stage. Summer can be applied at the later stage of fruit growth. Amount of fertilizer can be used where conventional fertilizer orchard saplings per plant applying ammonium sulfate 0.2-0.5 kg; Sheng fruit tree per plant applying ammonium sulfate 1-1.5 kg, according to the relevant test pointed out that nitrogen phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, has obvious effect on high yield and high quality and strong tree. As for the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, because of the different orchard conditions, the difference is great. Such as brown yellow soil, apple seedling of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium with the appropriate amount of 2:2:1 or 1:2:1, the period of 2:1:2. For saline alkali soil, the optimum ratio is 1:1:1.
The use of trace elements, cause and effect tree, deficiency situation, increase or decrease the number of topdressing outside the root, such as young trees should be combined in the late spraying, or single phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and trace elements 3-5 times. Results the trees begin at flowering stage and fall into the autumn. They can trace trace elements 2-5 times in combination with spraying the root. Fertilization methods: soil fertilization has a circular furrow, furrowing, spread over the field of radiation. The quick acting fertilizer is easy to be absorbed by the soil quickly. It can be applied in shallow soil with little mobility. It should be applied to the root distribution layer, and the top dressing should be shallow to ensure the short-term needs of fruit trees. Root top dressing: the effect of root top dressing is quick and fertilizer saving. Sometimes, the combination of root top dressing and spraying can kill two birds with one stone and save labor. Spray the optimum period for the sprout and flowering period, fruit period (interval 5-7 days later nitrogen 3-5 times, is conducive to the expansion of leaf area, enhance leaf color, enhance photosynthesis and fruit enlargement) to harvest the fruit enlargement (repeatedly Spraying Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer can make the fruit enlargement and color, promote flower bud differentiation and tree root growth accelerated nutrient accumulation).
Two. Water management
During the period of apple trees most sensitive to water to shoot 5-6 month period of rapid growth, in the spring and summer fruit irrigation area should be in the following key periods: germination period, flowering period, growth period, spring a little fruit expanding stage and the late water tank. Irrigation method, tree dish irrigation, strip irrigation, drip irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, hole irrigation, etc..
Three, summer pruning
The summer pruning is mainly to make up for the lack of winter pruning, and to adjust the relationship between growth and result by the growth, nutrition, endogenous hormones synthesis, translocation, accumulation and consumption of endogenous hormones in growing season.
1, adjust the load of thinning
The basic theory of thinning is based on the ratio of leaf to fruit, leaf and fruit of international large test materials recognized Apple's ratio is about 30-40:1. It starts in the week after the flowers and ends in mid June. At present, there are several methods of thinning:
(1) for tree production, see branch thinning. Like Fuji, the growth branches and fruiting branches are 3-4:1, and the strong ones can be left as many as possible
(2) for tree production, see secondary shoot thinning. A large tree (both the fruit and flower number is too much, far more than the tree burden of the tree), 1 secondary leaves to leave a single fruit, strong secondary leave double fruit, two secondary leave double fruit, and individual secondary leave 3 fruit. No secondary shoots generally leave no fruit, such as large space, strong branches, you can leave 1 fruit. In the tree (fruiting inflorescence and tree vigor may basically adapt to the burden for the amount of a pair of trees) shoots of double fruits, fine short fruit shoot side, two side shoots with two fruits, no side shoots generally not fruit, a weak part of the space small fruit Taiwan fruit. A small tree (fruiting inflorescence less cannot reach yield requirements tree) no side shoots without fruit, a fruit side shoots, a shoot strong double fruits, to restore growth.
2, Xia Jie
The two branches of saplings expand canopy, increased branching Series in mid June, when the young trees grow up to 40-45 cm branches at all levels, summer cut, cut to 5-10 cm, and will cut 1-3 page to remove the export, promote the development of the two branches of early results. But weak growing young trees or weak branches are not easy to cut in summer. The growth of the growth of the growth of the growth of green shoots, between 5 and August can be continuous summer shear 2-3 times control growth, and promote the increase of short branches, is conducive to the formation of flower bud.
3, opening angle
The young angle upright backbone branches, from 5 to June or later to 7 to August to take stock bone sticks to the opening angle.
4, wipe bud
The opening angle of branches, leggy branches around the wound to germination, germination, the canopy density, nutrient consumption, should be in the early germination of erase. In June, to the dense new shoots, go upright, stay flat slope, go weak, stay strong. Can improve the ventilation conditions, improve the distribution of nutrients, after full leaf, bud formation.
5, wring the tip
In mid June, when the lower half lignified shoots, shoots will base its distribution sprain, inhibited the growth of Wang Chi and improve nutrition, promote early flower bud formation.
6, topping
There is space in the canopy, temporarily retain culture branch groups of leggy branches in new shoots grow leaves 16-18 normal size (slightly 45-50 cm long), the new tip pinch to 5-10 cm, the shoot left normal size leaves 15-16. Its role is to temporarily weaken the length of the new shoot, help the accumulation of nutrients, and promote the occurrence of short branches, which is conducive to the formation of flower bud.
7, twist tip
New shoots will be erect at the stop period of shoot growth (late May to early June)

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