育果授粉花粉

果农注意了，警惕秋季梨树二次开花！

梨树开花什么情况？不是开玩笑吧！听到这个消息，相信很多没经历的果农肯定不信！那就听育果花粉，给大家聊聊梨树二次开花的问题！

首先，梨树二次开花确实是有的！梨树二次开花是指一年内梨树开两次，一般在10月上旬开始就可以见到，严重的株开花率可达50%左右。梨树二次开花，不仅大量消耗树体养分，严重削弱树势，而且大量花芽提前萌发开花，严重影响第二年产量及品质，同时还会引发大量抽发秋梢、秋叶，影响树体的安全越冬。

 

既然梨树二次开花，对梨树的伤害这么大，该怎么预防呢？想要预防秋季梨树二次开花，就得先找到原因。

梨树二次开花的原因大致可分为如下几条：

1、梨树的花芽分化的生理特性所致。梨树的花芽分化期开始较早，一般在5月上旬落花后，幼果开始加速生长时，花芽即开始分化；至6月中下旬幼果急速膨大时，花芽也进入大量分化期；一般7月中旬花萼开始形成，8月上中旬大部分形成；8月中旬雄蕊开始形成，8月下旬至9月上旬雌蕊开始形成。至果实采收时，则大部分花芽已经形成，为开花做好了充分的准备。这样，不管大年还是小年的结果梨树，若在采收后遇到不良环境，致使梨树大量落叶，迫使其进入休眠期，从而完成梨树开花前必须的生理休眠阶段。当维持到十月小阳春，与春暖花开时一样的的气候条件，且土壤养分与水分较好，碳水化合物形成较多时，花芽就极易萌发，开出二次花。

2、梨树品种原因。梨树不同品种对环境的适应性不同，据近几年的观察记载，新世纪、丰水梨等品种秋季开花最严重，杭青、翠冠次之，黄花梨较轻。

3、病虫为害严重，导致提早落叶。如梨树黑星病、黑斑病、锈病、轮纹病、梨瘿螨、梨木虱、红蜘蛛、梨网蝽等为害都可造成梨树提早落叶，是造成梨树二次开花的主要原因。尤其是梨木虱、梨网蝽与梨瘿螨等，均以刺吸式口器吸食叶片汁液，叶片受害后逐渐干枯脱落，7—9月上旬这几种虫害为害最重，此期若出现高温与持续干旱天气，则极易使梨树强制进入休眠期。

4、栽培管理粗放。整形修剪不当，树冠结构紊乱，直立旺枝多，抽梢不整齐，树冠通透性差，造成病虫为害严重，施肥量少，只施化肥，少施或不施有机肥，不施采果期，致使树势衰弱，提早落叶，二次开花现象严重。

5、采果不当。高产年份挂果过多，不注意适当疏果，影响了枝梢的正常生长；采果时一次性全部采摘后破坏了树体水分的代谢平衡，加上伤口多，失水严重，就会造成树叶萎蔫，加速叶柄离层形成，从而提早落叶形成二次开花。

知道了梨树二次开花的原因，我们就可以对症下药了！

1、对于梨树的花芽分化的生理特性：采果后施入基肥的同时，切断梨树的部份根系，暂时打破树体地上部分与地下部分的平衡，从而抑制花芽的萌发。对已经发生二次花的轻微果园，可以摘除花蕾或花果，同时配合施一些速效氮肥，抑制花芽生长。对二次开花严重的梨树可以进行高接花技，即从健壮的梨树上剪取冬季将要疏剪的花芽进行贴接花芽，利用这些高接花芽进行弥补，加强管理，以减少产量损失。

2、对于梨树的品种：选用抗逆性强的品种。二次开花严重的梨园，可用黄花梨、翠冠等二次开花较轻的品种进行高接换种，并加强栽培管理，防止二次开花。

3、对于梨树的病虫害：梨树正常落叶后至下年春季萌芽前，剪除病虫枝，清扫落叶集中烧毁或深埋，结合喷施二次石硫合剂清园，可有效减少园中病虫基数。春夏季梨树及时防治叶部病害，这些病害的主要防治时期在4-7月份。可用10%世高1500－2000倍液、25%粉锈灵2000-3000倍液、50%异菌脲500-1000倍液、30%爱苗3000倍液、75%百菌清500-800倍液等杀菌剂结合防虫交替使用。对于引起梨树早期落叶的虫害如梨网蝽、梨瘿螨、梨木虱等，在5月中下旬就要及时进行防治。梨花网蝽防治的关键时期在5月中下旬，这段时间要经常检查果园，发现叶片上有少量虫害时要立即喷药，1周后再喷1次。用40%乐果乳剂1000倍液或50%敌敌畏1200倍液、2.5%高效氯氟氰2500倍以及10%联苯菊酯2500倍液等均能有效防治。梨木虱防治关键时期在花前、花后的二次用药。使用1.8%阿维菌素乳油4000-6000倍液、25%吡蚜酮2500倍液、25%噻嗪酮1000－1500液等喷雾。梨叶瘿螨。5-6月出现第1次高峰，7月下旬到8月第2次高峰。可用5%霸螨灵2000-3000倍液或20%三氯杀螨醇800-1000倍液、1.8%阿维菌素乳油4000-6000倍液、24%螨危5000倍液进行有效防治。

4、对于栽培管理粗放：我们可以加强栽培管理，重施有机肥，增强树势。根据梨树的生长结果特性，实行合理修剪、疏花疏果合理负载。注意在采果后增施有机肥，结果树株施有机肥或腐熟的鸡粪、羊粪15—20公斤。及时施肥尽早恢复树势，在生长期及采果后还可进行叶面施肥，可用0.3%的磷酸二氢钾与0.2%的尿素混合液进行叶面喷施。

5、对于采果不当：我们可以合理采收，采果时的注意对果实分批采收，尽量做到不要一次性全果摘完，尤其单株结果多的梨树。采果后马上喷一次1：1：200的波尔多液进行保护，及时杀菌消毒。采果后至落叶前，每隔半月喷一次0.5%尿素加0.3%的磷酸二氢钾混合液于叶片的正反两面，尤其注意喷到叶片的背面。

到这里关于秋季梨树二次开花总算是给大家讲明白了吧！

育果花粉，专业的果树授粉花粉厂家，主要产品：梨树授粉花粉，苹果授粉花粉，桃树授粉花粉，杏树授粉花粉等，更多问题可咨询电话：15588156707

,, What is the flowering of pear trees? No kidding! Hearing this news, I believe many growers who have not experienced this experience must not believe it! Let's talk about the two flowering of pear trees.
First of all, the two flowering of pear trees is indeed there. The second flowering of pear trees means that pear trees bloom twice in a year, which can be seen from early October. The serious flowering rate of pear trees can reach about 50%. The second flowering of pear trees not only consumes a lot of nutrients, seriously weakens the tree vigor, but also sprouts and blooms ahead of time, seriously affecting the yield and quality of the next year. At the same time, it also causes a large number of autumn shoots and leaves, affecting the safe overwintering of the tree.
Since pear trees bloom two times and hurt the pear trees so much, how should we prevent them? To prevent the two flowering of pear trees in autumn, we must first find out the reason.
The reasons for the two flowering of pear trees can be roughly divided into the following:
1, the physiological characteristics of pear bud differentiation. The flower bud differentiation of pear trees begins earlier, usually in early May after flowering, young fruits begin to accelerate growth, flower bud differentiation begins; in mid-late June when young fruits rapidly expand, flower buds also enter a large number of differentiation period; generally in mid-July calyx began to form, most of the early August stamens began to form, in mid-August stamens began to form, in mid-August Pistils begin to form in late June to early September. When the fruit was harvested, most of the flower buds had been formed, making full preparations for flowering. In this way, if the fruiting pear trees, whether in big or small years, encounter adverse environment after harvest, resulting in a large number of fallen leaves, forcing them into dormancy, thus completing the necessary physiological dormancy stage before flowering. When the weather condition is the same as that of spring in October, soil nutrients and water are better, and carbohydrates are formed more, flower buds are easy to germinate and produce secondary flowers.
2. Reasons for pear varieties. Different pear varieties have different adaptability to the environment. According to the observation records in recent years, the autumn blooming of the new century, Fengshui pear and other varieties is the most serious, followed by Hangqing, Cuiguan, Huanghua pear is lighter.
3, pests and diseases are serious, leading to premature defoliation. Such as pear scab, black spot, rust, rot disease, pear gall mite, pear lice, red spider, pear net bug and other damage can cause early defoliation of pear trees, is the main reason for the second flowering of pear trees. Especially the pear louse, the pear net bug and the pear gall mite, all take the leaf juice by the puncture suction mouthpiece, the leaf withers and falls off gradually after being injured, these insect pests are the most serious damage from July to early September, if the high temperature and the persistent drought weather occurs in this period, it is extremely easy to make the pear tree enter the dormancy period.
4, extensive cultivation and management. Improper shaping and pruning, disordered crown structure, erect branches, irregular shooting, poor canopy permeability, resulting in serious pests and diseases, less fertilization, only chemical fertilizer, little or no organic fertilizer, no fruit picking period, resulting in weakening of tree vigor, early defoliation, and serious secondary flowering phenomenon.
5, improper picking. In high-yielding years, excessive fruit hanging and neglect of proper fruit thinning affect the normal growth of branches and shoots; fruit picking destroys the balance of water metabolism in the tree after all one-time harvesting, coupled with more wounds, serious water loss, will cause leaf wilting, accelerate the formation of petiole layer, thus early deciduous leaf formation of secondary flowering.
Knowing the reason for the two flowering of pear trees, we can prescribe the right medicine.
1. Physiological characteristics of flower bud differentiation of pear trees: applying basal fertilizer after fruit harvesting, cutting off part of the root system of pear trees, temporarily breaking the balance between the aboveground and underground parts of the tree, thus inhibiting flower bud germination. For slight orchards with secondary flowers, buds or fruits can be removed, and some available nitrogen fertilizers can be applied to restrain the growth of flower buds. For the pear trees with serious secondary blossom, high flower-grafting technique can be used, that is, cutting the flower buds which will be thinned in winter from the robust pear trees to make up for these high flower-grafting buds and strengthening management to reduce yield losses.
2, for pear varieties: choose strong resistant varieties. In pear orchards with serious secondary blooming, the varieties with lighter secondary blooming such as Huanghua pear and Cuiguan can be replaced by high grafting, and cultivation management should be strengthened to prevent secondary blooming.
3. For pear diseases and insect pests: after normal defoliation to the next spring sprouting, the number of pests and diseases in the garden can be effectively reduced by cutting off the branches of pests and diseases, sweeping the defoliation and burning or burying deeply, and spraying the second lithium sulfur mixture to clear the garden. In spring and summer, pear trees were able to control leaf diseases in time. The main control period of these diseases was 4-7 months. It can be used alternately with fungicides such as 10% Shigao 1500-2000 times liquid, 25% Fanruling 2000-3000 times liquid, 50% isomycocarbamide 500-1000 times liquid, 30% Aimiao 3000 times liquid and 75% chlorothalonil 500-800 times liquid. The pests that cause early defoliation of pear trees, such as Pyracea reticulata, Pyracarpa pyrifolia and Pyracarpa xylophilus, should be controlled in time in the middle and late May. The key period of controlling the pear net bug is in the middle and late May. During this period, the orchards should be inspected regularly. When a small number of insect pests are found on the leaves, the pesticides should be sprayed immediately, and then sprayed once a week later. With 40% dimethoate emulsion 1000 times liquid or 50% dichlorvos 1200 times liquid, 2.5% HCFC 2500 times liquid and 10% bifenthrin 2500 times liquid can effectively control. Pear lice control two times before and after flowering. Use 1.8% avermectin EC 4000-6000 times liquid, 25% pyrazone 2500 times liquid, 25% Thiazone 1000-1500 liquid spray. Pear leaf mites. There were first peaks in 5-6 months, the second peak in late July to August. It can be used for 5% times 2000-3000 times of 20% or three chloracarb 800-1000 times.

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